Amendments to Montreal Protocol

Montreal Protocol   London Amendment   
Copenhagen Amendment   Montreal Amendment   Beijing Amendment

London Amendment
The London Amendment was adopted in 1990 at the Second Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held in London. The amendment introduced control measures for both production and consumption for three new groups of substances, namely other halogenated CFCs (Annex B, Group I substances), Carbon Tetrachloride (Annex B, Group II) and Methyl Chloroform or 1,1,1-trichloroethane (Annex B, Group III). Control measures also included restrictions on trade with non-Parties.

The financial mechanism was also established (Article 10 of the Protocol) for providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries to enable their compliance with their obligations under the protocol. The financial mechanism meets the agreed incremental costs of developing countries in order to enable their compliance with the control measures of the Protocol.

The amendment further introduced HCFCs (Annex C, Group I substances), but only required reporting of production and consumption data for the Annex and did not introduce control measures for the Annex Group.

The London Amendment entered into force on 10 August 1992.

Copenhagen Amendment
The Copenhagen Amendment was adopted in 1992 at the Fourth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held in Copenhagen. The amendment introduced control measures for consumption only for HCFCs (Annex C, Group I substances). The amendment further introduced control measures for both production and consumption for two new groups of substances, namely HBFCs (Annex C, Group II substances) and Methyl Bromide (Annex E, Group I).

The Copenhagen Amendment entered into force on 14 June1994.

Montreal Amendment
The Montreal Amendment was adopted in 1997 at the Ninth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held in Montreal. This is the only amendment that did not introduce new substances to the protocol. Instead, the amendment introduced the requirement for licensing systems to allow control and monitoring of trade in substances controlled under the protocol.

The Montreal Amendment entered into force on 10 November 1999.

Beijing Amendment
The Beijing Amendment was adopted in 1999 at the eleventh Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol held in Beijing. The amendment introduced control measures for production for HCFCs (Annex C, Group I substances) and imposed restrictions on trade with non-Parties for these HCFCs. The amendment further introduced control measures for both production and consumption for one new group of substances, namely Bromochloromethane or BCM (Annex C, Group III substance).

The Beijing Amendment entered into force on 25 February 2002.