• Overview
  • Background

African cities are gaining momentum in sustainable transport, with notable achievements such as Senegal's recent launch of 150 electric buses serving passengers through bus-rapid transit (BRT) in Dakar and Ethiopia surpassing its 2030 electrification target with 229 e-buses in Addis Ababa. 

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), in partnership with C40 Cities, WRIGIZ’s TUMI E-Bus Mission, the Zero Emission Bus Rapid-deployment Accelerator (ZEBRA) Partnership and with support from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) is organizing the Africa Electric Bus Workshop, which will bring together transport officials from 29 African cities and countries.  

The Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre, first opened by Nelson Mandela in 1997, will host the event. It aims to accelerate the deployment of electric buses across the African continent, address critical challenges in sustainable urban mobility, and improve air quality.  

The workshop will convene e-bus manufacturers, investors, and technical experts, emphasizing the creation of just and equitable transportation solutions for Africa's rapidly growing urban centers. By the workshop's conclusion, each participating government is expected to identify concrete actions toward e-bus electrification. 

It will focus on critical aspects of e-bus deployment, including: 

• Business models for financing zero-emission buses 

• Available technology and charging infrastructure solutions 

• Lessons learned from different cities 

• Socio-economic benefits and just transition strategies 

• Practical implementation challenges and solutions 

 

Approximately 95 percent of the world's transport energy still comes from fossil fuels. High sulphur levels in these fuels—particularly in diesel in the global south—mean that they form harmful particulate matter when burned, including black carbon, known as soot. Burning fossil fuels also produces carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming and changes in our climate and natural systems. 

Transport currently accounts for 8.4 GtCO2e of global emissions, making it the second-largest emitting sector after power generation. Although trucks and buses represent fewer than 8% of vehicles (excluding two—and three-wheelers), they are responsible for more than 35% of direct CO2 emissions from road transport. Emissions in this sector are continuing to grow and, according to the International Energy Agency, rebounded to around their 2019 level in 2022.  

In Africa, the challenge is particularly acute as nearly half of urban residents rely on fossil fuel-powered public transport often using old and polluting diesel buses, contributing significantly to air pollution. This is especially concerning as air pollution is now the second leading risk factor for early death worldwide, with the air pollution-attributable burden exceeding 40% in many African regions. The associated health costs amount to approximately US$4.4 trillion annually, about 5.1% of global GDP. 

The transition to electric buses presents a crucial opportunity for African cities to address these challenges while improving urban mobility.  

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been leading the promotion of soot-free public transportation in African cities, with a particular focus on electric-powered buses.  

Building on its earlier successes in eliminating leaded petrol and reducing sulphur levels in diesel fuels, UNEP's efforts gained significant momentum in 2012 with the establishment of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC). The organization began collaboration with African governments in 2016 to transition to soot-free buses, developing strategic roadmaps and conducting readiness assessments for a low-carbon future in public transportation.  

This work culminated in UNEP's Global Electric Mobility Programme, which is now supporting more than 60 low and middle—income countries with the shift to electric mobility worldwide. The programme supports 15 African countries  and includes a specific component focused on the introduction and up-scaling of electric buses on the continent.  

The UNEP Global Electric Mobility Programme aims to facilitate this transition by addressing both financial and technical barriers through credit enhancement instruments, technical assistance, and capacity-building initiatives.