A cleanup activity near waterfalls.

Ecosystem Health

Healthy, biodiverse and unpolluted freshwater ecosystems produce fewer greenhouse gases and provide food, drinking water, livelihoods, modern energy systems, transport and recreation, alongside other benefits. 

The air we breathe, the water we drink and the food we get from the land, lakes, rivers and oceans are all dependent on healthy freshwater ecosystems.

Access to fresh water, in sufficient quantity, quality and availability, is fundamental to human life, health, well-being and dignity and is a human right. Despite this, the ecosystems that provide this fresh water are under increasing threat. Freshwater ecosystems and inland water bodies such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and groundwater aquifers, and their

biodiversity, are among the most threatened on the planet. They are also fundamentally connected to, and interdependent on, other blue ecosystems along our coasts and in the ocean. This forms the crux of the UNEP global Freshwater Strategic Priorities, which help to implement the Medium-term Strategy 2022-2025.

global petlands
Freshwater Challenge
Fresh water
Policy and strategy
Contact Info

The work of UNEP on ecosystem health is led by the Freshwater Ecosystems Unit.